Tuesday, 28 April 2015

Frankenstein and Intersectionality: Guest Lecture

I had the opportunity in Term 2 to Guest Lecture in Lindsey Banco's English 110 class. Since I wrote my Master's on Frankenstein, we thought this would be a good idea. In this lecture, I introduce the basic theoretical framework of my Master's project to the students. (PS - these are my lecture notes, so not the polished handouts that I frequently post. I have put in a selection of the slides, too, for further clarification where potentially necessary)

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Frankenstein: Intersectionality and the Creature

I’m going to do something different. I’m going to start with a question that I’m not going to answer, and I will end the class with the same question, which I still won’t answer. Here it is:
Is the creature gendered feminine?

(explain difference between sex and gender in most basic terms: We are not asking if the creature is female, but rather does he exhibit feminine traits? (or for that matter, uniquely masculine traits?))

(reasons why I won’t answer: I don't want to bias your opinions (I am extremely biased!); I want to give you the tools to come up with your own answer to the question, etc; I am experimenting with basic teaching principles because I CAN!)

In the meantime, I’m going to give you some tools to think about how to answer the question: I’ll give the same question to you at the end of the class.

Three terms:

Binaries
Hierarchical binaries
Intersectionality

Binaries
-        
            Anybody know what a binary is?
-         (Shout out opposites)
-          Tall
-          Small
-          Thin
-          Hot
-          Wide
-          Good
-          Ugly

Ok, now they get harder
-          Love
-          Green
-          Light
-          White
-          Sun

Some of these pairings are neutral, some of them are not: one half of the binary seems to be better than the other.

One foundational aspect of how we learn is to learn how to categorize things into groups of twos: this is a simple way that we learn how to understand the world, and so it is introduced to us at a fairly young age. One of the difficult things about this is is that it’s a system of organizing information that does not allow for a lot of flexibility or complexity.

The creature has a number of binaries that he exists in: TAKE TO THE BOARD: (get them to list) (give them “good”) child/parent, child/adult, evil/good, artificial/real, unfeeling/ caring, dead/alive, etc –

One of the things that you may have noticed is that there is a side of most pairings that you want to be, while others appear to be somewhat neutral. So tall, beautiful, good, come to mind. White and Black can seem neutral until you start to consider that these colours can also be shorthand for race, and you can start to see the privilege inherent in the word white over the other.

Binaries have two types of relationships: the relationship between the two sides of the pairing (old vs young) as well as other halves of binaries that are associated with them. (Old is associated with ugly and young is associated with beauty, because the binaries are organized along positive and negatives.)

The hierarchical binary is therefore the idea that a) one side of the binary is usually preferable and b) negative sides of binaries are associated with other negative sides (and similarly for positive sides of the binaries, which are associated with other positives).



I would like to complicate this idea of binaries, however. With a little bit of whiteboard magic, I want to show you how we can remove some of the simplicity from binaries:

(Turn VS into a LINE)

Explain the spectrum (using the example of the creature: pick any binary)
_______________________________



So let’s take a few minutes to think about the creature’s binaries and hierarchical binaries: what are his perceived binaries, and where would we map him on a spectrum of those binaries?

[Label quadrants of the room: old vs young, alive vs dead, real vs artificial, good vs evil, caring vs unfeeling, etc]



In the group at your table, discuss what side of the binary you would place the creature on. Find at least one passage in the text that supports your idea. I’ll give you five (10?) minutes to do that.
5-10 minutes to discuss. – while we are discussing, write down the binary spectrums with the “good” on the left, and the “bad” on the right.

From the analysis of how binaries interact with one another comes the idea of intersectionality.
various biological, social and cultural categories such as gender, race, class, ability, sexual orientation, religion, caste, species and other axes of identity interact on multiple and often simultaneous levels, contributing to systematic injustice and social inequality

Observe:
Put the creature’s binaries down the page. (Go back to board)

Place a dot where you think the creature exists.

Then put a vertical line through the dots. What verb would you use to describe what the vertical line is doing to the horizontal lines?
-        
                    Going through, passing through, intersecting!

Intersectionality is a term that we use in feminist studies to think about identity: how identity is constructed both by the self and externally by society.

Intersectionality is supposed to make us think about the way that privilege works in society: if one side of the binary is usually privileged, if you identify with or are identified as being part of multiple privileged (or under-privileged) sides of the binary, that will affect the way you are treated.



Based on intersecting binaries, who has privilege? How is this person privileged or not?


Compare Donald Trump (as himself) to Gugu Mbatha-Raw (playing Dido Elizabeth Belle). 

What privilege do they have? What ways are they oppressed by dominant cultural ideas? 
In what ways do the intersections of their qualities overlap to create more or less privilege? (That is: wealth, race, gender, age, etc)

Consider these questions in regards to the creature: 



Intersectionality allows us to think about how the creature exists on a variety of spectrums rather than just one; is he young / old? Real or artificial? Good or evil? Is he such a mixture of both sides that it’s difficult to place him on any one side of the spectrum? All of these parts together give us a much more complex vision of his identity, which is another way of complicating his identity.

To put it another way, if we simply think: “is the creature good or evil?” we must choose one side.
If we put him on a spectrum of good ----------- evil, we might place him on different sides at different ends of the text.

If we then say that he exists on several other spectrums (caring / uncaring; young / old; real / artificial; etc) do these other spectrums not give us context to the original question of whether he is good or evil? (if he is both real and artificial, and both alive and dead, might we be a little less sure of where he definitively good or bad?

We can do the same thing with other characters from the text:
Elizabeth, Victor. (is Elizabeth intelligent or kind of imaginative and wispy? Is Victor good or bad? 
A parent or a child? A mother or father? Etc)


A final note to summarize:

Victor says that he “pursues nature to her hiding places”
·        Victor feminizes nature, here.
·        What do we learn from Victor in this very short passage?

-          Aggressive
-          Gendered
-          Eroticized and non-consensual

His project – making the creature – is feminized. The science of discovery and the creation of life is feminized during the act of making the creature … until the creature is formed, when it becomes male, and is no longer referred to by Victor in the feminine.

Only when Victor sees that his pursuit has failed does he consider it a failure, when the project becomes male / masculinzed.

What if, instead of being a failed act by a masculine human, the creature is actually a successful response by a feminine nature? What if the creature is nature’s intentional response to Victor --- "to heck with you, Vic! Go back to your books!"


Does anybody have any final thoughts?
Here is your question that I will leave you with:


Is Frankenstein’s creature feminized?

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